Politics and government
Indonesia
governing democratic multiparty presidential republic. As in other
democratic countries, political system in Indonesia based on the
Trias Politica, namely the legislative, executive and judicial.
Legislative power is held by an organization called the People's
Consultative Assembly (MPR).
MPR had been a unicameral highest state institution, but after the amendment of the 4th Assembly is not the highest institution again, and also changed the composition of its membership. MPR after the 1945 amendments, which since 2004 was transformed into a bicameral body consisting of 560 members of the House of Representatives (DPR) which is representative of the people through political parties, coupled with the 132 members of the Regional Representatives Council (DPD), which is representative of the province independent paths. DPR and DPD members are elected through elections and sworn in for a five-year term. Previously, members of the Assembly are all members of the House of Representatives plus the group representatives and TNI / Polri. MPR is currently chaired by Zulkifli Hasan. Parliament is currently chaired by Novanto, whereas DPD is currently chaired by Irman Gusman.
Executive agencies centered on the president, vice president, and the cabinet. Cabinet in Indonesia is the Presidential Cabinet so that the minister is accountable to the president and do not represent the political parties in parliament. Nonetheless, the current President of the Joko Widodo promoted by the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle also pointed to a number of political party leaders to sit in cabinet. The goal is to maintain the stability of the government given the strong position of the legislature in Indonesia. But the posts of strategic importance generally filled by the party minister without portfolio (coming from someone who is considered an expert in the field).
The judicial institutions since the reform and the 1945 amendment executed by the Supreme Court, the Judicial Commission and the Constitutional Court, including the administration of the judges. Nevertheless the presence of the Minister of Justice and Human Rights will be retained.
MPR had been a unicameral highest state institution, but after the amendment of the 4th Assembly is not the highest institution again, and also changed the composition of its membership. MPR after the 1945 amendments, which since 2004 was transformed into a bicameral body consisting of 560 members of the House of Representatives (DPR) which is representative of the people through political parties, coupled with the 132 members of the Regional Representatives Council (DPD), which is representative of the province independent paths. DPR and DPD members are elected through elections and sworn in for a five-year term. Previously, members of the Assembly are all members of the House of Representatives plus the group representatives and TNI / Polri. MPR is currently chaired by Zulkifli Hasan. Parliament is currently chaired by Novanto, whereas DPD is currently chaired by Irman Gusman.
Executive agencies centered on the president, vice president, and the cabinet. Cabinet in Indonesia is the Presidential Cabinet so that the minister is accountable to the president and do not represent the political parties in parliament. Nonetheless, the current President of the Joko Widodo promoted by the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle also pointed to a number of political party leaders to sit in cabinet. The goal is to maintain the stability of the government given the strong position of the legislature in Indonesia. But the posts of strategic importance generally filled by the party minister without portfolio (coming from someone who is considered an expert in the field).
The judicial institutions since the reform and the 1945 amendment executed by the Supreme Court, the Judicial Commission and the Constitutional Court, including the administration of the judges. Nevertheless the presence of the Minister of Justice and Human Rights will be retained.
Foreign relations and military
Contrary
to Sukarno's anti imperialism, antipathy towards the western powers,
and arguing with Malaysia, foreign relations since the "New Order"
Suharto's based on economic and political cooperation with western
countries. Indonesia maintain good relations with its neighbors in Asia, and Indonesia is the founder of ASEAN and East Asia Summit.
Indonesia relations back to the People's Republic of China in 1990, whereas previously to freeze relations with respect to the anti-communist turmoil in the early moments of governance Suharto. Indonesia became a member of the United Nations since 1950, and founder of the Non-Aligned Movement and the Organization of the Islamic group that now has become the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. Indonesia has signed the ASEAN Free Trade Area agreement, the Cairns Group, and the World Trade Organization, and was a member of OPEC, although Indonesia withdrew in 2008 sehubugan Indonesia not lsgi net exporter of crude oil / clean. Indonesia has received humanitarian and development aid since 1966, mainly from the United States, Western European countries, Australia and Japan.
The Indonesian government has cooperated with the international world in connection with the bombings carried out by Islamic militants and Al-Qaeda. Major bombings cause victims killed 202 people (including 164 foreign tourists) in Kuta, Bali in 2012. The attack warning and trip (travel warnings) issued by other countries, causing a heavy impact to the travel service industry / tourists and also foreign investment prospects. But lucky Indonesian economy as a whole is not overly influenced by the things mentioned above, because Indonesia is a country whose domestic economy is quite strong and dominant.
Indonesian National Armed Forces consist of the Army, Navy (including Marine) and Air Force. Measuring 400,000 active servicemen, has a budget of 4% of GDP in 2006, but there is controversy that there are sources of funding from commercial interests and foundations which are protected by the military. One good thing of reforms in line with the resignation of Suharto was the withdrawal of the military from parliament, although the influence of the military in the state remains strong. Separatist movements in some areas of Aceh and Papua have led to armed conflict and human rights violations and brutalities committed by both parties. After 30 years of sporadic feud between the Free Aceh Movement and the Indonesian military, the ceasefire agreement occurred in 2005. In Papua, there has been a striking improvement, although still happen shortcomings, with the implementation of autonomy, with the result berkurangannya human rights violations.
Indonesia relations back to the People's Republic of China in 1990, whereas previously to freeze relations with respect to the anti-communist turmoil in the early moments of governance Suharto. Indonesia became a member of the United Nations since 1950, and founder of the Non-Aligned Movement and the Organization of the Islamic group that now has become the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. Indonesia has signed the ASEAN Free Trade Area agreement, the Cairns Group, and the World Trade Organization, and was a member of OPEC, although Indonesia withdrew in 2008 sehubugan Indonesia not lsgi net exporter of crude oil / clean. Indonesia has received humanitarian and development aid since 1966, mainly from the United States, Western European countries, Australia and Japan.
The Indonesian government has cooperated with the international world in connection with the bombings carried out by Islamic militants and Al-Qaeda. Major bombings cause victims killed 202 people (including 164 foreign tourists) in Kuta, Bali in 2012. The attack warning and trip (travel warnings) issued by other countries, causing a heavy impact to the travel service industry / tourists and also foreign investment prospects. But lucky Indonesian economy as a whole is not overly influenced by the things mentioned above, because Indonesia is a country whose domestic economy is quite strong and dominant.
Indonesian National Armed Forces consist of the Army, Navy (including Marine) and Air Force. Measuring 400,000 active servicemen, has a budget of 4% of GDP in 2006, but there is controversy that there are sources of funding from commercial interests and foundations which are protected by the military. One good thing of reforms in line with the resignation of Suharto was the withdrawal of the military from parliament, although the influence of the military in the state remains strong. Separatist movements in some areas of Aceh and Papua have led to armed conflict and human rights violations and brutalities committed by both parties. After 30 years of sporadic feud between the Free Aceh Movement and the Indonesian military, the ceasefire agreement occurred in 2005. In Papua, there has been a striking improvement, although still happen shortcomings, with the implementation of autonomy, with the result berkurangannya human rights violations.
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